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GCSE Geography Urban Cities, One stop site!

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Urban Cities topic

What Is Urban Rural Change?

ANSWER

Urban-rural change refers to the shift in population distribution and economic activity between urban (city) and rural (countryside) areas

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RHow do cities benefit from Immigration?

  • Fills the employment sector with more unskilled workers
  • More tax, boosts economy

  • Brings more skilled people to the area

What Problems arise from this?

  • There may be lack of houses to give to people who are immigrating

Why is Urbanisation occurring

It is occurring as there is an ever increasing population requiring even more people. Also in India, there is migration towards the cities such as Mumbai, as agricultural work pays less that industrial jobs pulling people in requiring more Urbanisation.

International Migration

  • Issue -> there could be a language barrier.
  •  Issue -> Family members may be left separated across countries.
  • Issue -> Too many people can put a strain on local public services and resources causing conflict between locals
  • Benefit: Brings in more workers, increasing local economy
  • Benefit -> Brings in more skilled workers for important high skill jobs such as doctors

Pedestrian Zones:

  • Benefit -> They are safer and it means to less pollution
  • Benefit -> Encourages less driving improving high street enviroment

Out of Town Retail Parks

  • Benefit -> Cheaper land which means larger shops are avaliable
  • Benefit -> Free parking, and better transfer links so easier to access.
  • Benefit -> all inside so easier access

Reasons why Brownfield sites are better for the environment.

  • Does not ruin the Enviroment as it uses up unsightly land.
  • Does not take up farmland so less imports are needed
  • Greater access to roads and public services as already in town.
  • It is easier to get grants to develop brownsites as they were derlict so the council wants to improve them.

Benefits of using Greenfield sites.

  • The land is cheaper as it out of town
  • Greenfield sites have more space they can expand out to.
  • Nothing to demolish so it can be cheaper

Counter-urbanisation

Counter urbanisation is the movement of people away from the cities towards the countryside. Most people do this because the countryside is percieved to be nice and tranquil area.

Negatives of reducing rural population

  •  Less people so councils and government provision less money
  • Which leads to the closing of key services such as cottage hostpitals, schools, and Bus routes
  • This effects the elderly, teenagers, and young children

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Effects on the CBD:

The Central Business District will have a reduction in people visiting it leading to less money in sales taxes for local conuncil, leading to a lack of investment in the area. Which means less people coming into the city so less pollution.

How MNCs benefit LICs

MNCs (Multinational Corporations) such as Coca Cola benefit LICs (Low Income Countries) as they incrase employment. This means that there are more taxes for the local government and money for local people which in turn increases Satisfaction and starts up the Positive Multiplier Effect

Negative Multiplier Effect:

Less money from taxes in local government so lowering investment and quality of services.#

Why Bad?

It can cause an over reliance on that MNC leading to a lack of money if they leave.

Trade

Quotas – A Quotas is a physical limit on the quantity of goods that can be imported into a country or exported from it over a specific period

Export 

Import

Tariffs

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